This term was formed from the word informatio , which translates as clarification, representation, concept . In addition, there is another word in Latin, inform , which means to think, create a form, teach, imagine .
The information is any information perceived by living things, such as electronic devices and other systems on the world around us, processes, objects and phenomena.
Information is knowledge transmitted in the form of messages, notifications, and signals.
An information message is a set of information elements, linked by internal connections.
The message can contain different amounts of information depending on who the recipient is. For example, a message is sent to us: こ の 会 社 の 株 は 明日 に は 2 倍 に な り ま す 。. If we do not know the language in which the message is written, there is no information for us. But a stockbroker in Japan will know right away: he says that tomorrow the shares of a certain company will double in value.
Information types
Graph . More than 30,000 years ago, primitive people began to record information about their lives on cave walls in the form of images of mammoths, hunters, and mysterious creatures. An artist paints a picture and keeps the images on the canvas. Pictures, block diagrams, and drawings are all types of graphic information.
Acoustic . The world around us is full of sounds. We turn on the radio and listen to the weather forecast, put on headphones and enjoy all kinds of songs. One monkey yells something at another and they understand each other.
Textual . Information is encoded with symbols, such as letters. Different peoples have their own languages and letters, that is why translators are of great importance in the history of mankind. They translate textual information from one set of symbols to another without losing its meaning.
In this way, different cultures can interact with each other and share experiences. With the invention of writing, humanity had the opportunity to stop storing large amounts of information in memory, passing it on by word of mouth, from generation to generation.
Now you can write everything down on paper and be sure that nothing will be lost or forgotten. You are currently reading this article and your brain is absorbing textual information.
Numeric . Information is also encoded using numbers instead of letters. This type of information expresses quantitative parameters of the objects. For example: 25, 26, 24 - Dynamics of the dollar / peso exchange rate.
Of video. Information is a variant of fixation and storage of live images of the surrounding reality. It arose at the time of the invention of cinema and has now reached the peak of its application. We record family celebrations with the phone's camera, we enjoy movies in theaters, we watch videos on YouTube.
Touch . Imagine that you are touching the snow. It is very cold and the hands begin to hurt slightly. They are sensations that bring tactile information to your mind.
Organoleptic : it is achieved through the senses (taste, smell, color). If we want to describe the flavor of a cucumber, we will have to translate this information organoleptically into textual or acoustic form.
Science has not yet found a way to encode and communicate that information. Otherwise, it would be possible to experience someone else's sensations by going to a restaurant.
Information properties
• Credibility . A person makes a decision based on certain information . If it is reliable (corresponds to reality), the decision is likely to be correct. If it is false, it will be something wrong.
• Integrity . Information is considered complete when there is enough information to make a correct decision. If a judge in a criminal trial only listens to the prosecuting party, he runs the risk of rendering a wrong verdict.
• Relevance . The information has an expiration date, this may be out of date. If people are warned about an earthquake when it has already started, that message will be useless.
• Objectivity . The information must reflect the reality of the world around us and not depend on the opinion of another person or the way in which it has been recorded. In this case we are told that it is hot outside. How warm is it?
For a resident of the Far North, a temperature of -10 ° is very hot. But for a person from Africa it is a frightening cold. This message contains a subjective assessment. And the message It will be minus 15 degrees at night is objective.
• Accuracy . The closer the information is to reality, the more accurate it will be. Consider two statements: the salary you will have it this week and get your salary tomorrow at 17:00 hrs . The second is much more accurate than the first.
• Value or utility . This parameter depends on the needs and interests of the recipient of the information. When we load the program code on the computer, it executes it. If we print it out on paper and read it to the child before bedtime instead of a story, the result will not be good.